Temperature: Temperature is one of the important factors which affect almost all the metabolic activities of an organism. Every physiological process in an organism requires an optimum temperature at which it shows the maximum metabolic rate. Three limits of temperature can be recognized for any organism. Minimum temperature – Physiological activities are lowest. Optimum temperature – Physiological activities are…
Fodder refers to any agricultural food material, primarily composed of plants, that is used to feed livestock. Fodder can include various types of vegetation, such as grasses, legumes, cereals, and other plant materials, which are cultivated specifically for feeding animals. Fodder may be harvested as fresh green material or conserved as hay, silage, or dried…
1. Principle Dry matter is determined gravimetrically as the residue remaining after drying at 103 ºC in a ventilated oven. 2. Scope This procedure is applicable for determination of dry matter in feed ingredients, feeds and partially-dried (85% dry matter) forages with low volatile acid content. For whole grain, silage and high sugar feeds, use…
The digestion, metabolism, and absorption of nutrients in broilers (young chickens raised for meat production) are complex processes essential for growth, development, and overall health. Here’s an overview of how these processes occur in broilers: 1. Digestion: Mouth: The digestion process begins with mechanical breakdown as broilers peck, tear, and grind feed particles. Salivary enzymes…
The digestion, metabolism, and absorption of nutrients in broilers (young chickens raised for meat production) are complex processes essential for growth, development, and overall health. Here’s an overview of how these processes occur in broilers: 1. Digestion: Mouth: The digestion process begins with mechanical breakdown as broilers peck, tear, and grind feed particles. Salivary enzymes…
Mariculture refers to the cultivation of marine organisms in their natural habitats, usually for food production, restoration, or research purposes. This practice can involve various systems, including substrate systems and seawater ponds. Here’s a detailed overview of both: Substrate Systems in Mariculture Substrate systems: involve the use of artificial or natural surfaces on which marine…
The use of wastewater in aquaculture has garnered attention as a sustainable practice that can contribute to food security while addressing waste management issues. Here’s an overview of its key aspects: Benefits of Using Wastewater in Aquaculture 1. Nutrient Recycling: Wastewater often contains nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, which can be beneficial for the…
Sources and classification of nutrients and their functions Nutrients are substances that the body needs to function properly. They can be classified into several categories based on their chemical structure and functions. Here are the main categories of nutrients, along with their sources and functions: 1. Macronutrients: Carbohydrates: Sources: Grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes. Functions: Primary…
Introduction: The physical evaluation of feed mostly provides preliminary information on the quality of the material. It involves assessing physical qualities such as weight, colour, smell and whether the material has suffered from any contamination by other materials. Importance of Feed Evaluation Feed evaluation is important because ingredients that belong to the same class contain…
Anti-nutritional factors Anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) are substances that when present in animal feed or water they either by themselves or through their metabolic products reduce the availability of one or more nutrients. Plants contain starch polysaccharides and no-starch polysaccharides (NSPs), and some of them are anti-nutritional factors. NSPs contain sugars other than glucose and/or have…
Farzana Abbasi1 & Tahmina Fakhur-un-Nisa2 & Jingbo Liu1 & Xuegang Luo1 & Imtiaz Hussain Raja Abbasi3Received: 17 June 2018 /Accepted: 13 December 2018 /Published online: 20 February 2019 Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019 AbstractPhosphorus is an essential macro-mineral nutrient for poultry, needed for the body growth, development of bones, genomicfunction, good quality…
