Feed Additives For Poultry

Feed Additives • Feed additives are non-nutritive products used in minute quantities to improve – Feed Quality – Nutrient utilization – Growth performance • Feed additives can boost the results of quality feeds • Most of the feed additives improve gut health
Action Mechanism:
In the daily feedstuff, there are some anti-nutritional factors except for a great deal of nutrition which is necessary for the animal. Those resisted nutrition factors wrapped in plentiful nutrition are difficult to digest by the simple-stomach animal. They make the content in the intestine thick, which can cause the animal indigestion, discharging thick dropping, hypo genesis etc. If we add complex enzymes such as β-glucanase, xylanase , cellulose etc. into the feedstuff, the complex enzymes could break down anti-nutritional factors to release the nutrient, reduce the viscosity of chime, which can make the nutrient fully absorbed, decrease the bacterial substrate in the ileum, control reproduction of the harmful animalcule, prevent diarrhea. As for the poultry with poor endogenous enzymes, adding exogenous enzymes could make the nutrient fully absorbed. It has been testified that adding complex enzymes into the feedstuff can improve feedstuff’s utilization efficiency and enhance poultry production performance.

3. Benefits of Feed Additives • Better nutrient absorption and utilization • reduce the growth of intestinal pathogens • Improve production performance • Improve feed conversion efficiency • Reduce stress • Minimize the chances of disease • Provide the feed with better quality • Maximize profit
Feed Additives for Poultry • Growth Promoters • Toxin Binders • Antioxidants • Electrolytes • Emulsifiers • Feed preservatives • Pellet binders • Coccidiostates.

5. Growth promoters 1. Antibiotic growth promoters 2. Natural growth promoters • Prebiotics • Probiotics • Synbiotics • Yeasts • Organic Acids • Herbal (Phytogenic)growth promoters • Enzymes • Vitamins and Minerals
6. Antibiotic Growth Promoters •Used in animal feed since 1940s •Antibiotic with low dose used to improve growth performance •Good for growth but many demerits i.e. – Drug Resistance – Drug residues transfer to humans – Transfer of drug resistant bacteria to humans •AGP’s are banned in poultry production.
Some of AGPs are, • Lincomycin • Enramycin • Avilamycin • Amoxicillin • Colistin • Neomycin • Zincbacitracin
Prebiotics, Probiotics, Synbiotics and Yeasts •Prebiotics are Non-living substances which promotes the growth of probiotics •Probiotics are the microbial culture which promote gut health through competitive exclusion •Prebiotics + Probiotics =Synbiotics •Commonly used yeast as a growth promoter is Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Prebiotics Probiotics Fructo oligo saccharide(FOS) Mannan oligo saccharide(MOS) Lacto bacillus plantarum Bacillus subtilis
Organic Acids • Organic acids positively affect gut of bird • Reduce pH of gut, pathogens and improve nutrient utilization • Organic acids that can be used in poultry are a. Citric acid b. Butyric acid c. Formic acid d. Propionic acid e. Lactic acid f. Tartaricacid g. Malicacid h. Fumaric acid
Herbal growth promoters • Derived from spices, herbs and essential oils • Improve gut health and nutrient utilization a. Turmeric b. Blackseed c. Garlic d. Ginger e. Aloe vera f. Neem g. Fenugreek h. Aniseed
Exogenous Enzymes •Involved in all anabolic and catabolic pathways of digestion and metabolism •Major advance in poultry nutrition •Plants contain some compounds that require exogenous enzymes •Enzymes reduced the anti-nutritional effects of phytate, xylans and arabinoxylans etc. •Feed enzymes usually stable up to950F for a short time
Toxin Binders • Mycotoxins are great threat for humans and animals • Aflatoxin, ochratoxin, DON, T2 • These reduce growth performance, and immunity and cause pathological lesions • Toxin binders bind the mycotoxin in the intestine and are excreted through feces • Toxin binders reduce absorption and bioavailability of mycotoxins • Famous toxin binders include, Zeolites, Bentonites, Aluminosilicates, HSCAS, Clay, Activated charcoal, yeast, yeast cell wall
Antioxidants • Antioxidants are used to prevent the oxidation of fats in the feed • B
Utylated Hydroxyl Toluene (BHT) • Butylated Hydroxyl Anisole(BHA) • Ethoxyquene • Vitamin E • Se • Vitamin C
Emulsifiers • Emulsifiers assist fat digestibility • Young chicks hav elimited fat digestion due to low bile production • Poultry feed is usually supplemented with fats and oils • Bile salts are natural emulsifiers • Examples: soy-lecithin, milk-derived casein, phosphatidylcholine or lysolecithin (lecithin), bile salt, Glycerol polyethylene glycol ricinoleate (E 484), and Sodium Stearoyl-2- Lactylate (SSL) etc.
Pellet Binders •Used to improve pellet quality •Reduce feed dust and help pellets better adhere •Bentoniteclay •Ligninsulfate •Attapulgiteclay
Intestinal health and Feed Additives • Necrotic enteritis and Coccidiosis are the major intestinal issues • Antibiotics are used to prevent enteritis i.e. Avilamycin, Lincomycin, Enramycin, Zinc Bacitrainetc. • Coccidio states are used to prevent coccidiosis i.e. Nicarbazine, Diclazuril, Maduramicin, Salinomycinetc.