Method of Hay Making 8.7.1 Selection and Harvesting if Crops for Hay Making Preparation of hay by sun curing depends on the type of crop available and the climatic conditions. This stemmed crops like maize and jowar are not suitable for hay making as it will take longer time for the stems to dry. Thin…
Aims of Fodder Conservation – Advantages and Disadvantages With the availability of high fodder-yielding varieties of season bound and perennial fodder crops, there is glut of fodder during the peak periods of growth and scancity during other periods. The best way to regulate the supply of palatable and nutritive fodder during the lean periods of…
Principle Acid detergent fiber is determined as the residue remaining after adding an acidified solution. It is the NDF without the hemicelluloses. Cell soluble, hemicelluloses and soluble minerals dissolve. Cetyl trimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB) separates proteins from the remaining cellulose and lignin, and minerals (ash). The acid detergents solution recovers cellulose and lignin. ADF determination is…
Metabolic antagonisms and incompatibilities can occur in mixed feed for poultry when certain nutrients or feed ingredients interact negatively, impairing nutrient absorption, utilization, or metabolic processes. Here are some examples of metabolic antagonisms and incompatibilities in mixed feed for poultry: 1. Calcium-Phosphorus Ratio: Antagonism: An imbalance in the calcium-phosphorus ratio can lead to reduced absorption…
Principle Insoluble fiber in feed is determined as neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Neutral detergent solution recovers its main components cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. Procedure • Weigh oven-dry glass crucible (Wt) • Add 0.5–1 g sample (Ws) in 600 ml Berzelius beaker • Add 100 ml of neutral detergent solution and 0.5 g sodium sulfite (Na2SO3)…
The dried feed sample is dissolved with petrol ether and then the ether is evaporated in the Soxhlet apparatus. The residues are crude fat. In the Animal Nutrition Laboratory at ICARDA a Soxtherm apparatus from Gerhardt GmbH is used. The procedure described below follows the instruction for this specific Soxhlet apparatus. In the laboratory the…
1. Principle The sample after defatting is sequentially treated with boiling dilute sulphuric acid, and with boiling potassium hydroxide solution. The loss in mass resulting from incineration corresponds to the mass of crude fiber. 2. Scope The method described is applicable for determination of feeds with a crude fiber content Higher than 1%. If sample…
1. Principle For determination of nitrogen the sample is digested using sulphuric acid in the presence Of a catalyst to convert sample nitrogen to ammonium sulphate. The acid solution is made Alkaline with sodium hydroxide solution. The ammonia is distilled and collected in an excess of boric acid solution, followed by titration with sulphuric acid…
1. Principle Ash is determined gravimetrically as the residue after incineration at 550 °C. 2. Scope This procedure is applicable for determination of ash in feed ingredients and feeds. This method cannot be used for mineral mixtures. 3. Responsibilities Laboratory Analysts shall perform the analysis as per this method. It is the responsibility of the…
Laboratory Neatness Clean and neat work areas avoid risk of damage to clothing and books and injury from spilled chemicals. Neatness also reduces fire hazard. Laboratory Conduct Fooling around in the laboratory can be hazardous. Keep the lab in its proper place and fun and games in their place. Working with Glassware Remove frozen glass…
6.1.1 Individual suckling The natural way for a calf to feed is to suckle the dam after she is milked, the farmer having made sure that the dam is not milked dry. This is the most hygienic way as the calf gets milk directly from mother, clean and at body temperature. 6.1.2 Foster mother or…
