Protein 2.1.1. Significance and composition Protein (from the ancient Greek “protos”: the first or the most important) is the most important and quantitatively major component of all organisms and as…

The need to feed a growing population leads to a trend for highly specialised units where animals of high genetic merit are raised in optimum conditions. Advances in husbandry techniques…

1. Principle Gross energy is measured by combustion of a sample in an excess of oxygen in a bomb calorimeter under standardized conditions. The gross calorific value is calculated from…

1. Principle A water extract from silage is acidified and centrifuged. The alcohols and volatile fatty acids (VFA) are separated in the chromatography column depending on their molecular weight and…

1) Apparatus:- Ultraviolet light (UV), glass plates, 4x8, spreader , oven ,micro pipette, beaker ,shaker ,electric balance, water bath, china dish 2) Reagents:- Silica gel (powder form) 254 Gr 60…

1. Principle The sample (feed or feed ingredient) is suspended in distilled water with a clarifying agent. The urea content is determined using a spectrophotometer after addition of 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (4-DMAB).…

Nutrition plays a critical role in the health, productivity, and overall performance of ruminants. Ruminant animals, such as cattle, sheep, goats, and buffalo, have a unique digestive system that allows…

Overfeeding and underfeeding livestock and poultry can have significant impacts on their health, productivity, and overall profitability. The effects on animal performance and the economic importance of these issues are…