August 2025

Challenges in Monsoon Weather High humidity (60–90%) reduces feed intake and increases mold growth in feed. Temperature fluctuations cause stress, affecting feed conversion and productivity. Poor feed storage conditions promote fungal growth, leading to mycotoxin contamination. Electrolyte imbalance due to heat and humidity causes reduced egg production. Increased disease risk (coccidiosis, respiratory infections, mycotoxicosis). Birds…

1. Introduction The monsoon season in Pakistan (July–September) brings high humidity, heavy rainfall, and fluctuating temperatures. These conditions increase the risk of feed spoilage, mycotoxin contamination, heat stress, and disease outbreaks in broilers. Optimal nutritional management during this period is critical to maintaining growth performance, feed efficiency, and flock health. 2. Challenges of Monsoon Feeding…

1. Sodium (Na) Functions Metabolism Practical Requirements (typical ranges) Deficiency Excess / Toxicity Major Dietary Sources Interactions Practical supplementation notes 2. Chloride (Cl) Functions Metabolism Practical Requirements (typical ranges) Deficiency Excess / Toxicity Major Dietary Sources Interactions Practical supplementation notes 3. Potassium (K) Functions Metabolism Practical Requirements (typical ranges) Deficiency Excess / Toxicity Major Dietary…