January 28, 2026
Headlines

2025

Synopsis and thesis writing: Formats and contents; Recording experimental data and its subsequent analysis using appropriate statistical software; Publishing of research results

Biozoologica34 mins

Producing a successful research thesis or dissertation involves several critical stages—from writing a synopsis and recording data, to analyzing results and finally publishing findings. Each stage must be approached with precision, clarity, and adherence to academic standards. 1. Synopsis and Thesis Writing: Formats and Contents a. Synopsis Writing A synopsis is a concise summary of…

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Evaluation and economic appraisal of research proposals

Biozoologica33 mins

The evaluation and economic appraisal of research proposals are essential processes that help funding agencies, academic institutions, and policymakers determine the scientific merit, feasibility, and value for money of proposed research. These assessments ensure that limited resources are allocated to projects that offer the greatest potential impact, both in terms of knowledge generation and practical…

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Writing an effective research proposal; Common faults in rejection of a research proposal

Biozoologica33 mins

A research proposal is a critical document that outlines the plan for investigating a research question or hypothesis. It serves as a blueprint for the intended study and must convince reviewers of the project’s significance, feasibility, and scholarly merit. Writing an effective research proposal requires clarity, coherence, and methodological soundness. Key Elements of an Effective…

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Write on Writing review of literature: Importance in methodology and plagiarism versus review of literature

Biozoologica63 mins

The review of literature is a foundational component of scholarly research. It serves not only as a survey of existing knowledge but also as a critical analysis that shapes the direction of a new study. Understanding how to write a proper literature review—and distinguishing it from plagiarism—is crucial for maintaining academic integrity and building a…

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NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS IN DAIRY CATTLE- NUTRIENT CATEGORIES

Biozoologica23 mins

Nutrients can be categorized in 5 areas:1.Water (not an actual nutrient)2.Dry matter (containing the nutrients, expressed as DM)3.Energy (Nett Energy, expressed as FUM)4.Protein (we will use digestible crude protein, expressed as DCP)5.Minerals and vitamins Water:Although water is not considered as a real nutrient, it plays a vital role in the functioning of the body, milk…

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FORMULATION OF RATIONS,REQUIRED MINERALS and VITAMINS

Biozoologica03 mins

  1. Formulation of Rations Ration formulation is the process of combining feed ingredients to supply animals with all required nutrients for maintenance, growth, reproduction, and production (milk, eggs, meat). Principles of Ration Formulation: Must be balanced: includes energy, protein, fiber, minerals, vitamins. Should be economical, using locally available feed resources. Formulated based on the…

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The Value of Species

Biozoologica53 mins

The Importance of Biodiversity Biodiversity, which encompasses genes, species, and ecosystems, provides society with a diverse range of goods and services that are essential for human well-being. These components of biodiversity—whether used directly, indirectly, or as potential resources—are often referred to as “biological resources” (McNeely et al., 1990; Reid & Miller, 1989; Wood, 1997). Direct…

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Seawater intrusion

Biozoologica35 mins

Seawater intrusion (SI) is an ecological problem caused by the encroachment and infiltration of salt water (typically brackish water or seawater) into freshwater surface and groundwater supplies in coastal areas. This intrusion can transform landscapes, reduce agricultural viability, and contaminate freshwater reserves. It is a growing issue in numerous coastal regions worldwide, including China’s Yangtze…

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Invasive Species

Biozoologica45 mins

An invasive species is any nonnative organism that significantly alters or disrupts the ecosystems it colonizes. While some species migrate naturally, human activities such as global commerce and the pet trade have become the primary means by which invasive plants, animals, microbes, and other organisms are transported to new habitats. Most introduced species fail to…

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