Animal/Poltry Nutrition

1. Introduction Feeding systems in commercial dairy farms are structured approaches used to deliver balanced rations to dairy animals efficiently and consistently. The choice of feeding system significantly influences: With increasing herd sizes and market demand, modern dairy farms must

1. Introduction to Ruminant Nutrition Ruminants (cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats) possess a unique four-compartment stomach that allows them to utilize fibrous plant material through microbial fermentation. Each life stage of a ruminant has specific nutritional requirements that must be met

1. Introduction Forage conservation is the process of harvesting and preserving forage crops to ensure their availability and nutritional quality during periods when fresh forage is scarce or unavailable. In commercial livestock operations, consistent and high-quality feed supply is essential

1. Introduction Low-quality roughages such as crop residues (e.g., wheat straw, rice straw, maize stover, and sugarcane tops) and mature grasses are widely available and form the bulk of livestock feed in many developing countries. However, they have: As a

1. Introduction Forage is the cornerstone of feeding systems for ruminants in most parts of the world, particularly in regions like South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. However, forage availability is not constant throughout the year. The periods when forage availability

Introduction Bio-assaying is a biological testing technique used to quantify the potency or bioavailability of nutrients in feeds by observing their physiological effects on living organisms—typically poultry birds in animal nutrition studies. It helps in determining how much of a