Population dynamics, movement, migration and colonization in fishes, spawning, feeding and over-wintering migrations Population dynamics, movement, migration and colonization in fishes, spawning, feeding and over-wintering
Feed microscopy involves the examination of feed samples under a microscope to analyze their physical and biological characteristics. Different types of microscopy techniques can be
Brooding Phase (0–6 weeks) This is the most critical period for chicks as it sets the foundation for growth, immunity, and future egg production. Objectives:
Challenges in Monsoon Weather High humidity (60–90%) reduces feed intake and increases mold growth in feed. Temperature fluctuations cause stress, affecting feed conversion and productivity.
1. Introduction The monsoon season in Pakistan (July–September) brings high humidity, heavy rainfall, and fluctuating temperatures. These conditions increase the risk of feed spoilage, mycotoxin
Key Challenges in Monsoon Feeding Fodder spoilage & mycotoxins. Warm, humid conditions accelerate mold growth on green fodders, silages, and concentrates, elevating risk of aflatoxins
1. Sodium (Na) Functions Metabolism Practical Requirements (typical ranges) Deficiency Excess / Toxicity Major Dietary Sources Interactions Practical supplementation notes 2. Chloride (Cl) Functions Metabolism
· Feed additives · Nutritional deficiencies and diseases · Anti-nutritional factors · Hot climate feeding management · Pre-breeder and breeder nutrition · Separate sex feeding
. Nutrient requirements of commercial and breeder layers · Feeding programs in brooding, growing, and laying phases · Feed restriction · Egg quality and production
Current Feeding Problems in Pakistan’s Dairy Sector Proposed Solutions
1. Precision Nutrition and AI-Driven Feed Formulation 2. Nanotechnology in Poultry Feed 3. Enzyme Technology and Customized Enzyme Cocktails 4. Microbiome Modulation and Gut Health
Feed formulation for ruminants involves creating a balanced diet that meets the nutritional requirements of the animals based on factors such as age, weight, physiological
Amino acids, vitamins, and minerals play crucial roles in poultry production and health. They are essential nutrients that are required in specific quantities to support
Sample preparation and handling are critical steps in laboratory analysis, as they directly impact the accuracy and reliability of the results. Proper handling ensures that
Introduction Heat stress is a significant environmental stressor that affects poultry productivity, health, and welfare, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. When ambient temperatures rise
When considering what constitutes the “best” ecosystem, we generally refer to ecological richness, biodiversity, productivity, and the system’s ability to support a wide range of
