1. Principle The sample (feed or feed ingredient) is suspended in distilled water with a clarifying agent. The urea content is determined using a spectrophotometer after addition of 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (4-DMAB). 2. Scope The method is suitable for feeds and forages. Some feeds have added urea as a supplemental source of nitrogen. This method describes determination…
Nutrition plays a critical role in the health, productivity, and overall performance of ruminants. Ruminant animals, such as cattle, sheep, goats, and buffalo, have a unique digestive system that allows them to efficiently process fibrous plant material. Their nutritional needs vary depending on the stage of life, production status, and environmental conditions. Proper nutrition is…
Overfeeding and underfeeding livestock and poultry can have significant impacts on their health, productivity, and overall profitability. The effects on animal performance and the economic importance of these issues are crucial for farmers and producers to understand in order to make informed decisions about nutrition, feeding practices, and resource management. Effect of Overfeeding in Livestock…
Innovations in silage and hay preparation are essential for improving the efficiency and quality of animal feed, ensuring better nutritional value, and enhancing the overall productivity of livestock operations. Here are some innovative approaches in the preparation of silage and hay: 1. Precision Harvesting and Mowing Technology: • Robotic Mowers: The use of autonomous mowers…
Spectrophotometry is a powerful analytical technique used to measure the concentration of mineral elements in biological samples, such as animal feed, tissues, blood, urine, and other fluids. This technique involves the measurement of light absorption at specific wavelengths, which is directly related to the concentration of mineral elements in the sample. Here’s an advanced procedure…
The Flame Photometer (FP) is a specialized analytical instrument used for measuring the concentration of metal ions in animal feed, biological samples, and animal tissues. It is commonly used for detecting alkali and alkaline earth metals such as sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg), which are essential for animal health and nutrition….
Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) is a widely used analytical technique in animal nutrition for separating and identifying compounds present in biological samples, such as feed, food, or animal tissues. The application of TLC in animal nutrition includes: 1. Identification of Nutrients: TLC can be used to separate and identify various nutrients in animal feeds, such…
Vitamins Vitamin A Role of Vitamin A • Synthesis of glycoprotein to maintain integrity of epithelial cells. • In bone formation synthesis of mucopolysaccharides. • Synthesis of the visual pigment Rhodopsin. • Retinol and retinoic acid (RA) are essential for embryonic development during fetal development. Clinical signs • Inadequate retinol available to the retina results…
5. Cobalt Role of Cobalt • Cobalt is required by microorganisms in the rumen for the synthesis of vitamin B12. • Cobalt acts as an activating ion in certain enzyme reactions. Clinical signs • Cobalt deficiency causes vitamin B 12 deficiency in ruminants. • Wasting disease or coast disease or Pining or Enzootic marasmus characterized…
1. Calcium: Role of Calcium: • 99% of the calcium in the body is present in the bones and teeth. • Calcium controls the excitability of nerves and muscles. • Calcium is required for normal clotting of blood. • Calcium is necessary for activation of enzymes like trypsin, adenosine triphosphatase. Clinical signs: • In young…
