Dairy Animals Nutrition
Proper feeding strategies must balance energy, protein, minerals, and vitamins to meet the specific needs of lactating, dry, and growing animals. Nutritional management directly influences milk yield, reproductive efficiency, and disease resistance.
Toxic substances in poultry feed
1. Mycotoxins: Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by molds (fungi) that grow on feed ingredients before or after harvest. Common mycotoxins include aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone, and ergot alkaloids. Mycotoxin contamination can occur in grains, cereals, oilseeds, and other feed ingredients during storage, transportation, or processing. 2. Pesticides and Herbicides: Residues of…
Quality control in lab analysis of feed
Quality control in laboratory analysis of feed is essential to ensure the accuracy, reliability, and consistency of test results, which are critical for assessing feed quality, nutritional composition, and safety. Here are key components of quality control in lab analysis of feed: 1. Calibration and Standardization: Instrument Calibration: Regularly calibrate laboratory instruments and equipment, such…
Animal and plant protein meals standards
Standards for animal and plant protein meals, also known as feed ingredients or feedstuffs, are established guidelines and specifications used in the feed industry to assess the quality, nutritional value, and safety of these products. These standards help ensure consistency, transparency, and compliance with regulatory requirements in the production, trade, and use of protein meals…
Grain receiving standards
Grain receiving standards are established guidelines and specifications used by grain elevators, processors, and traders to assess the quality and condition of incoming grain shipments. These standards help ensure consistency, quality control, and fair trading practices in the grain industry. While specific receiving standards may vary depending on the type of grain and regional requirements,…
Determination of tainting of feed ingredients due to the climate, mold and insects
The determination of tainting in feed ingredients due to climate, mold, and insects involves assessing the quality and safety of the ingredients by identifying any undesirable odors, flavors, or physical characteristics that may indicate contamination or spoilage. Here’s how tainting in feed ingredients can be evaluated: 1. Odor and Flavor Evaluation: Sensory Assessment: Perform sensory…
Breeders feeding program
The feeding program for broiler breeders is designed to support optimal reproductive performance, egg quality, and overall health throughout the breeding cycle. Here’s a general overview of a feeding program for broiler breeders: 1. Rearing Phase: Starter Feed: Provide a high-quality starter feed with balanced nutrition to support chick growth, development, and early skeletal formation…
The stability, availability, vitamins, antagonists, amino acids, antimetabolites and goitrogens in poultry mixed feed
In mixed feed for poultry, ensuring stability, availability, and appropriate levels of essential nutrients is crucial for supporting optimal growth, health, and performance. Here’s a breakdown of key considerations and potential factors that may impact nutrient stability and availability, as well as potential antagonists, antimetabolites, and goitrogens in poultry feed: 1. Stability and Availability of…
Quality Control for Feed Raw Material
Quality control for feed raw materials is essential to ensure the safety, consistency, and nutritional value of the final feed product. Here are key steps and considerations for implementing quality control measures for feed raw materials: 1. Supplier Selection and Approval: Quality Assurance Program: Work with reputable suppliers who adhere to quality assurance programs and…
Hay Making
Method of Hay Making 8.7.1 Selection and Harvesting if Crops for Hay Making Preparation of hay by sun curing depends on the type of crop available and the climatic conditions. This stemmed crops like maize and jowar are not suitable for hay making as it will take longer time for the stems to dry. Thin…
Silage making
Aims of Fodder Conservation – Advantages and Disadvantages With the availability of high fodder-yielding varieties of season bound and perennial fodder crops, there is glut of fodder during the peak periods of growth and scancity during other periods. The best way to regulate the supply of palatable and nutritive fodder during the lean periods of…
Determination of Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF)
Principle Acid detergent fiber is determined as the residue remaining after adding an acidified solution. It is the NDF without the hemicelluloses. Cell soluble, hemicelluloses and soluble minerals dissolve. Cetyl trimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB) separates proteins from the remaining cellulose and lignin, and minerals (ash). The acid detergents solution recovers cellulose and lignin. ADF determination is…