Dairy Animals Nutrition

A concentrate is usually described as a feed or feed mixture which supplies primary nutrients (protein, carbohydrate and fat) at higher level but contains less than 18% crude fibre (CF) with low moisture. In general, concentrates are feeds that are high in nitrogen free extract (NFE) and Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) and low in crude…

Microscope A microscope is a laboratory instrument use to examine objects that are too small to be seen with naked eye. Types of microscope Stereoscope (or stereo microscope) A stereo microscope on the other hand is generally used to inspect larger objects such as small mechanical pieces, minerals, insects and more. Compound microscope A compound…

The metabolism of water, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in poultry involves complex biochemical processes that contribute to the growth, maintenance, and overall health of the birds. Here’s an overview of how these macronutrients are metabolized in poultry: 1. Water Metabolism: Water Intake: Essential for various physiological processes, including digestion, nutrient absorption, and temperature regulation. Metabolic…

Fodder refers to any agricultural food material, primarily composed of plants, that is used to feed livestock. Fodder can include various types of vegetation, such as grasses, legumes, cereals, and other plant materials, which are cultivated specifically for feeding animals. Fodder may be harvested as fresh green material or conserved as hay, silage, or dried…

The digestion, metabolism, and absorption of nutrients in broilers (young chickens raised for meat production) are complex processes essential for growth, development, and overall health. Here’s an overview of how these processes occur in broilers: 1. Digestion: Mouth: The digestion process begins with mechanical breakdown as broilers peck, tear, and grind feed particles. Salivary enzymes…

The digestion, metabolism, and absorption of nutrients in broilers (young chickens raised for meat production) are complex processes essential for growth, development, and overall health. Here’s an overview of how these processes occur in broilers: 1. Digestion: Mouth: The digestion process begins with mechanical breakdown as broilers peck, tear, and grind feed particles. Salivary enzymes…

Sources and classification of nutrients and their functions Nutrients are substances that the body needs to function properly. They can be classified into several categories based on their chemical structure and functions. Here are the main categories of nutrients, along with their sources and functions: 1. Macronutrients: Carbohydrates: Sources: Grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes. Functions: Primary…

Introduction: The physical evaluation of feed mostly provides preliminary information on the quality of the material. It involves assessing physical qualities such as weight, colour, smell and whether the material has suffered from any contamination by other materials. Importance of Feed Evaluation Feed evaluation is important because ingredients that belong to the same class contain…

Anti-nutritional factors Anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) are substances that when present in animal feed or water they either by themselves or through their metabolic products reduce the availability of one or more nutrients. Plants contain starch polysaccharides and no-starch polysaccharides (NSPs), and some of them are anti-nutritional factors. NSPs contain sugars other than glucose and/or have…

Poultry nutrition has been extensively researched so the nutritive requirement of laying hens is well known. The degree of sophistication is such that different strains of laying hens have feeds formulated to meet their specific requirements. The basic requirements are for protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals. The protein requirement is met by including soybean meal, corn gluten meal, meat and bone…