Creating identification keys, often known as dichotomous keys, is a systematic process that involves organizing a series of choices based on observable characteristics to guide users to the correct identification of a specimen. Here’s a general guide on how to prepare keys:
1. Choose Characters:
• Identify diagnostic characters that reliably differentiate between species. These characters should be easily observable and consistent.
2. Organize Characters:
• Arrange characters in a dichotomous (two-part) format. Each step in the key presents the user with a choice between two contrasting characteristics.
3. Start with General Characteristics:
• Begin with broad, easily observable features that quickly eliminate large groups of organisms.
4. Progress to Specifics:
• Gradually move to more detailed and specific characteristics as users progress through the key.
5. Be Consistent:
• Use consistent terminology and format throughout the key. The choices at each step should be clear and mutually exclusive.
6. Include Illustrations:
• Supplement the key with illustrations or images to help users visualize the characteristics being described.
7. Use Technical Language:
• If your audience is familiar with technical terms, use them to accurately describe characters. Otherwise, provide clear definitions or explanations.
8. Test the Key:
• Pilot test the key with individuals who are not familiar with the specimens to ensure that it is user-friendly and effective.
9. Include Variability:
• Account for natural variation within species. Acknowledge that not all specimens will exhibit every characteristic.
10. Include Unambiguous Characters:
• Choose characters that are less likely to be subjective or subject to interpretation. Ambiguity can lead to misidentification.
11. Use a Hierarchical Structure:
• Organize the key in a hierarchical manner, with general characteristics at the top and more specific traits as users progress through the key.
12. Provide Additional Resources:
• Include references or links to additional resources for users who may need more detailed information.
13. Consider User Expertise:
• Tailor the key to the expected expertise level of the users. Keys for beginners may need more illustrations and simpler language.
14. Peer Review:
• Have the key reviewed by experts in the field to ensure accuracy and clarity.
15. Document the Key:
• Include information on the source of the characters, and document any changes or updates to the key.
16. Update Periodically:
• Regularly update the key to incorporate new information or taxonomic revisions.